Algorithms are basically sequences of instructions to solve a problem or to perform a calculation. A logarithm is a specific mathematical concept. For more information on each, look at the sites...
The Stony Brook Algorithm Repository is a collection of implementations for fundamental algorithms in computer science, hosted by Stony Brook University. There is no "Stony Brook Algorithm."
On average merge sort is more efficient however insertion sort could potentially be faster. As a result it depends how close to reverse order the data is. If it is likely to be mostly sorted,...