There is a direct correlation in as much that the atmosphere absorbs some radiation but it's not as straight forward as that. Firstly the term radiation is not specific and can refer to any...
a. volume
b. pressure
c. temperature
d. some combinations of the above (if you add more gas to the same volume of a container, then the pressure increases etc.)
The air becomes thinner, thus it cannot retain heat as does heavier air. Also air closer to the earth's surface will be affected by the thermal mass of the earth, which retains heat.