Answer:
put simply. no. at least not the way you finger them on the neck. but the composition of chords musically speaking, yes.
The notes that compose a chord, in terms of key, etc., remain constant regardless of the instrument. But in terms of the pattern on the strings, violin and guitar are vastly different. There are more notes between one string and the next on a violin or viola than there are on a guitar.
The intervals on the four thickest guitar strings are the same as the intervals on a bass. The interval between strings has an extra whole step for the violin or viola.