NO, any shock would harm the mother before it harmed the baby.
No, the voltage from the adapter should match the voltage required by the appliance.
Power consumed by an electrical appliance will increase with a reduction of applied voltage.
No. 220V adaptor can't control the output voltage, 110V appliance will be fry. Use instrument transformer or voltage regulator instead.
With the minor voltage loss in the wiring, the voltage drop across a single appliance is the total voltage in the circuit, and doesn't change when more devices are added in parallel.
Peak value is 1.414 times the RMS voltage. On a 240 volt circuit the peak voltage is 240 x 1.414 = 339.36 volts. The peak to peak value is twice this.
120V appliance will not work on 220V. Use an instrument transformer or voltage regulator to adjust the high voltage to the desired level.
A high voltage will certainly damage a low voltage appliance and perhaps set fire to other things nearby.
A laptop computer requires DC.
Yes and No. You have three types of adaptors: constant current with variable voltage output. constant voltage with variable current output. constant voltage with constant current output. What you are talking about is the latter. This means that the adaptor was created for a specific appliance requiring 12V/2A, which it will indeed use. Heavier appliance will not draw enough current/voltage and will malfunction. Lighter appliance will draw too much current/voltage and will overload/shortcircuit.
It depends on the appliance. All appliances are required to have a 'nameplate' which contains information on their power and voltage ratings.
To use an adapter of this sort, its rated voltage must match the rated voltage of the appliance, and its rated current must exceed that of the appliance. So, in your example, the rated voltage is too high to be used with your appliance.
Neutral is the return of the voltage not used by the appliance