Answer:
In the US, anyone can sue anyone for anything at any time. If you believe you have a malpractice case, you can file it.
The question is not whether you can file, but whether you can win. You should speak with an attorney in your area in that practices in this field to discuss the specifics of your case. Generally, you must establish that the doctor made some error that resulted in a medical problem to win a medical malpractice case.