Answer:
No.
A vector space is a set over a field that has to satisfy certain rules, called axioms. The field in question can be Z2 (see discussion), but unlike a field, a vector's inverse is distinct from the vector. Therefore, in order to satisfy the "inverse elements of addition" axiom for vector spaces, a vector space must minimally (except if it is the null space) have three vectors, v, 0, and v-1. The null space only has one vector, 0.
Field's can allow for two distinct elements, unlike vector spaces, because for any given element of a field, for example a, a + (-a) = 0 meets the inverse axiom, but a and -a aren't required to be distinct. They are simply scalar magnitudes, unlike vectors which can often be thought of as having a direction attached to them. That's why the vectors, v and -v are distinct, because they're pointing in opposite directions.