Taking hospital practice - surgery, or physical examinations - as an example, the practitioner must scrub up and thoroughly dry hands before even putting on the gloves.
It isn't possible to thoroughly clean hands when jewellery is worn. Jewellery might look nice, but it's pretty grubby stuff.
Even in the commercial or home kitchen, jewellery should be left off.
Jewellery isn't, let's face it, cleaned as frequently as our clothes are. For the same reason we cover our hair for intimate work, even though we wash it daily under the shower, we should leave jewellery at home or in a secure locker when handling food or patients.
This is a pertinent question to me at present because I visited a friend in hospital recently and noticed the (gloved) doctor unconsciously playing with a neck chain preparatory to examining my friend. When I came back into the room I was right behind a kitchen worker wheeling in the dinner. Outside, I'd observed the same worker having a cigarette and then spraying herself with perfume, dragging it through her hair to disguise the tobacco smell (doesn't work, you just smell of an unattractive combination of tobacco and perfume!). No, she didn't wash her hands before serving the food.
Professional standards of hygiene ensure we minimise the risk of catching bugs.
Commonsense tells us how to maintain those standards, and commonsense doesn't include comments such as, I always do this and haven't died yet!
If you need to wear surgical gloves in your workplace you need to research hygiene practice; your employer should in any case be providing this advice and is very likely required by law to do so.