Can you be arrested after being fired by a company for theft?

In most cases yes, while this depends on your job contract. If you are an at will employee, which many people are, the answer is yes.

Being fired is a civil or employment matter. Theft is a criminal matter. One does not affect the other.

Yes cause you could affect the company's popularity

Typically only if the charges are dropped or you are acquitted.

Dramatically increased likelihood of being raped and probably some sort of legal ramifications also.