In general the answer has to be: "Not if it has been designed and wired to run only on the 60 Hz mains frequency system that is used in USA, Canada and elsewhere."
The mains frequency in Europe and other 230 volt areas is 50 Hz (cycles per second) compared to 60 Hz in US, Canada and other 120/240 volt areas. Some 60 Hz appliances will work fine but others with simple motors will run too slow on the lower frequency of 50 Hz.
However the most important difference is how the Neutral wire is connected:240 volt 50 Hz service A 240 volt 50 Hz appliance can have up to 3 wires altogether:
- one single 240 volt "live" or "hot" wire;
- a neutral wire;
- a safety "earth" or "ground" wire but this is not required if the appliance is of the type known as "double insulated".
The hot wire feeds alternating voltage from the power station to the load and, because the voltage is alternating, the load draws an alternating current. Then the neutral wire returns the current to the power station to complete the circuit.
240 volts 60 Hz service An appliance that is designed to be connected to strictly 240 volts 60 Hz is connected with only a two wire cable plus a safety ground wire. (For example 240 volt 60 Hz base board heaters use that.)
The only time a cable with three wires plus safety ground is used is if 120/240 volts is needed in the equipment. (For example kitchen ranges or washing machines which have time clocks or programmers that require only a 120 volt feed.)
Thus an appliance designed to run on a 240/120 volt 60 Hz supply can have up to 4 wires altogether:
- two 120 volt 60 Hz live "hot legs" which run in opposing phase to one another: when one hot leg goes "+" (120 volts positive) the other leg goes "-" (120 volts negative);
- a neutral wired as a "central" common current return conductor:
- a safety "ground" wire but this is not required if the appliance is of the type known as "double insulated"..
One of the two hot wires feeds a 120 volt alternating voltage from the power station to the 120 volt load - the clock or programmer - and, because the voltage is alternating, that load draws an alternating current. Then the neutral wire returns the current to the power station to complete the circuit.
Important conclusion
There is a 240 volt voltage difference between the neutral and the hot conductor in the 50 Hz system and only a 120 volt voltage difference between the neutral and each of the hot conductors in the 60 Hz system.
That is why an appliance designed to be connected onto the 60 Hz system cannot be used safely on the 50 Hz system without first having a proper technical inspection done, followed by any necessary modification work done to ensure that the appliance can be operated safely because, in the main breaker box, at the point where the 50 Hz "neutral" gets connected to the ground, this difference will cause serious problems!
A licensed electrician or electrical engineer would be able to consider whether or not a particular large appliance, that was manufactured to work on 60 Hz-only, could be modified to run safely at the lower 50 Hz frequency. However it won't usually be worth the expense of doing the work because it would be more cost-effective to buy (new or secondhand) an equivalent large appliance designed to work on 50 Hz.
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The neutral is never connected to ground
inside European appliances. In most countries in Europe, appliances have to deal with the fact that the plug can be turned over --- that is, the users don't need to know which conductor is hot and which is neutral. (There are some exceptions, such as the UK's standard 13A 3-pin plug with square pins, but generally this is the case.) Therefore, European appliances are designed to operate with 230V between ground and *either* of the other two wires. Similarly, American 240V appliances are designed to operate with 120V between neutral and *either* of the two "hot" wires. The ground wire is there simply for safety reasons. Also, provided it was designed to work on a wide range of supply voltages, most equipment should work fine using either 50 or 60 Hz, but there could be speed differences with some motors. The city of Los Angeles, by the way, changed from 50 Hz to 60 Hz when the Hoover Dam opened, and that part of the country joined the rest of the national grid. Mostly clocks had to be thrown away.. most other things worked just fine. Of course it was a while ago...
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A licensed electrician or electrical engineer would be able to consider whether or not a particular large appliance, that was manufactured to work on 60 Hz-only, could be modified safely to run at the lower 50 Hz frequency. However it won't usually be worth the expense of doing the work because it would be more cost-effective to buy (new or secondhand) an equivalent large appliance designed to work on 50 Hz.
Further information which may be useful to mention here but is not part of the answer to this question: Some 120 Volt appliances, such as electric shavers, etc., have been designed to run safely on different supply voltages and frequencies. If that is so, it would be stated on their rating plates.
In many cases, where the power needed is low, such as (say) less than 30 Watts, a cheap and simple "International Travel Socket Adapter" is all that is needed to make such a 120 Volt appliance plug-in and work. Many international airports have shops selling such adaptors.
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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is neede.
Before you do any work yourself
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.
IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.