Can you substitute wine for wine vinegar?

Yes but you will change the out come of what ever you are making.

While they both are vinegar, they have very different flavors and it might have a big affect on the overall taste of the finished dish. White vinegar would be the best substitute. Even plain white...

Yes but you will change the outcome due to flavor difference.

White Balsamic Vinegar

Substituting one for the other would significantly change the taste of the resulting food.