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Causes of neonate mortality

Updated: 8/16/2019
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In the U.S., according to CDC figures, neonatal (less than 28 days of life) deaths are from the following causes: Prematurity/low birth weight This is also the reason that the U.S. has such a high relative mortality rate. We attempt to save babies that would not even be treated in other parts of the world. Congenital and Chromosomal abnormalities Though a lot of these are manageable, some are not, and result in early death. Maternal Complications A very sick mother sometimes passes along her illness/condition, or the condition interferes with the pregnancy Placenta, cord & membrane complications Sometimes the placenta detaches from the uterus before delivery, causing massive blood loss for mother and baby. "Cord accidents" occur with knots in the cord or cord around baby's neck, and occasionally a cord may even separate from the baby, cutting off oxygen to the growing fetus Respiratory distress Most cases of respiratory distress in neonates are related to prematurity, but some term babies can also be born with sick, underdeveloped, or infected lungs, or can develop problems in the first hours of life due to events that occur at or following birth. Bacterial Sepsis This is an overwhelming infection that the baby cannot fight off, and sometimes even the best of treatment cannot "catch up" with the advance of the infection. Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia This can happen when the cord becomes compressed, although that is not the only cause. This is one big reason why labor and delivery units are measuring the oxygen levels of the baby during labor - to see the problem as it develops and try to get the baby born before it is damaged. Neonatal hemorrhage Another one for the premies. Although there are cases with more mature babies, intercranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) is a complication that can occur even when everything is being done for the baby. Doctors are learning much more about the causes of these "bleeds" and hopefully will find ways to prevent them in the future. Atelectasis Happen when then lung collapses on itself and won't refill. Usually because of lack of surfactant in premature babies and one that has moved WAY down the list since the use of surfactants in Neonatal Intesive Care units. Necrotizing enterocolitis Another one that we are learning more about, but still happens when tiny immature guts react badly to being fed. Also moving way down the list with better early diagnosis and treatment. The WHO list is different for worldwide deaths, mainly due to diarrhea and dehydration, but even that is changing with new methods of oral rehydration, so overall it's a better time to be born than ever before.

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