Comparison between English morphology and Arabic morphology?

Answer 1

The aim of this research is to describe the Arabic and English

morphological systems in order to identify the similarities and

differences between them.

comparison of Arabic and English morphological

systems will not be made, since Arabic and English are not cognate

languages, i.e. genetically related. They are considerably different in

the classes that are characterized by inflectional affixes. There is no

way to compare the forms within the classes. The inflectional

morphemes and derivational and compounding processes do not

match in any of the word classes.

Morphemic analysis of each language is hardly practical

without close attention to the meanings of forms in the other language.

This will be manipulated in the form of translations. Translation can

obscure some features of meaning and falsify others. Meaning is a

variable which is not subject to any precise control. Meaning will be

used in combination with some facts of distribution. Meaning is also

needed to assess the pertinence of the distributional features.

Troublesome morphemes for Arabic-speaking students will be

described. An English morpheme will be taken and how that

morpheme may be translated will be given.

In linguistics, morphology is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of morphemes and other units of meaning in a language like words, affixes, and parts of speech and intonation/stress, implied context (words in a lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology). Morphological typology represents a way of classifying languages according to the ways by which morphemes are used in a language -from the analytic that use only isolated morphemes, through the agglutinative ("stuck-together") and fusional languages that use bound morphemes (affixes), up to the polysynthetic, which compress lots of separate morphemes into single words.

While words are generally accepted as being (with clitics) the smallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most languages, if not all, words can be related to other words by rules (grammars). For example, English speakers recognize that the words dog and dogs are closely related - differentiated only by the plurality morpheme "-s," which is only found bound to nouns, and is never separate. Speakers of English (a fusional language) recognize these relations from their tacit knowledge of the rules of word formation in English. They infer intuitively that dog is to dogs as cat is to cats; similarly, dog is to dog catcher as dish is to dishwasher, in one sense. The rules understood by the speaker reflect specific patterns, or regularities, in the way words are formed from smaller units and how those smaller units interact in speech. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word formation within and across languages, and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers of those languages.