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A "multiple exposure" means that two or more exposures are made on the same frame of film. There are various reasons why multiple exposures are taken. Generally, people will reduce each exposure by half to arrive at a single exposure's exposure value. Others lay down 1/3 + 1/3, believing that the pre-sensitized film is more receptive to light, thus 1/3 +1/3 = 1. I think they are both right, depending on the scene. Here are a few reasons for multiple exposures, with examples:

Individual exposures of different scenes (may be difficult to place elements of successive images) - night shot of cityscape with a moon added later.

Same scene with elements added or changed for the second exposure - at night outdoors with electronic flash, insert person on second shot - expose each for half. Person's shadow may be slightly visible in second shot, but they will look "ghostly".

Same scene twice, once out of focus, once in focus. I have seen examples of the surrealism one can create, but the degree of being out of focus and portion of the exposure value I cannot remember. Experiment and take notes or Google something.

Three stops down exposure of an out of focus 18% neutral gray card, then a minus 1/3 exposure of a high contrast scene. You can make a subtle yet significant reduction in contrast on transparency (slide) film. For example, flowers in the bright sunlight spattered shade of trees. The -1/3 should keep the "sun spots" from blowing out, while the pre-exposure raises shadow detail because the film has been "woken up" as I put it. I've always believed my camera bag is the gray it is for a reason...I have used it for this purpose, substituting it for a gray card.

Now for the bad. Multiple exposures occur when you rewind the film, don't rewind all the way into the container, then load it normally at a later date and use it again.

If your film camera has a multiple exposure lever to prevent film transport, any of these are relatively easy to manipulate. Otherwise, you have to advance to set the shutter then depress the film transport button on the bottom of the camera and rewind a specified amount. Your camera manual may indicate how much, but it's a real hit-and-miss proposition if accurate registration is needed for the second shot but I have done it.

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Q: Definition of multiple exposure in photography?
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