Answer:
No. Vampires are a creature of folklore. The modern version by Bram Stoker is based in part on the legends of Vlad Dracul (Vlad the impaler) a 15th century Hungarian tyrant and torturer who is said to have consumed the blood of his victims.
Other examples of human cannibalism and hemophagy (blood drinking) exist in history.
One real vampire is the South American vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), a parasite on cattle and other mammals. They use their teeth to make a small slit in the skin, then lap up (not suck) the blood, while their saliva prevents its coagulation.
(see the related questions below)