It will be stated in your final disposition of charges when the charges are dismissed - with or without prejudice. If a case is dismissed with prejudice it is final and you cannot be retried (or...
A case dismissed without prejudice may be brought again as long as the statute of limitations for that particular offense (if there is one) has not expired.
The plaintiff cannot - that is a judge's prerogative. The plaintiff can REQUEST that a judge consider ruling that way, but it is up to the judge as to whether he will grant it or not.
NO. A lawyer cannot "dismiss" a case. A judge does that. However a lawyer may request dismissal or be empowered to accept a dismissal on behalf of their client. Although many lawyers put cases on the...