Chinese people are Chinese because they have lived and derived from China. That is similar to saying "Why are American people American?".
character. the type of character that is used now is hanzi
Depends what kind. Chinese school in china would just be called a school, or 学校 (shue shiao). A Chinese school abroad that receives funding from the Chinese government is probably called a...
中药 [zhōng yào]If you want to know more Medical Chinese Terms you can go medical-chinese.at.ua
人民币 [rén mín bì]