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Judicial review is the right and process of evaluating the constitutionality of laws or executive orders that are part of cases before a (usually) appellate court, particularly the US Supreme Court. The justices interpret the Constitution to determine if a questioned law adheres to their concept(s) of constitutional principles, and strike down any that don't withstand scrutiny. The use of judicial review doesn't change the Constitution, only our understanding and application of it, which evolves over time.

When judicial review (particularly as exercised by the US Supreme Court) results in interpretations documented as case law, it becomes part of the American common law system. US Supreme Court decisions create binding precedents on the lower courts under the doctrine of stare decisis (Latin: let the decision stand), encouraging them to use earlier decisions as templates or guidelines for judging similar cases later. Stare decisisallows the judicial system to operate in a reasonably uniform and predictable way, helping to ensure laws and constitutional principles aren't applied arbitrarily.

When a constitutional interpretation becomes accepted and standardized, it is sometimes referred to as an "informal amendment process." The term is misleading because the Constitution can only be amended formally, as described in Article V. When an interpretation is applied consistently, however, it has the practical affect of changing the Constitution, especially if the current interpretation differs from an earlier one.

[Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803) is considered the first case to fully explicate the right of judicial review. That power has been recognized (to varying degrees) by all three branches of the US government for more than 200 years.]

For more information, see Related Questions, below.

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14y ago
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12y ago

A judicial review is the name given to the process by which the interpret the meaning of the constitution and the laws passed under it.

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9y ago

A judicial review serves to explain the constitution. It is the interpretation of law and its application in modern life.

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12y ago

By leaking info to the government

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Q: How does the judicial review tie in with the principles of the constitution?
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