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Geology
Geology includes the study of rocks and minerals; and their formation, weathering, and metamorphosis. Included is the rock cycle, Earth's layers, plate tectonics, and the sub-field of paleontology, the study of fossils in the rock record.
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What is the Quaternary Period?
Quarternary Period The Quaternary is the most recent geological time period, including about the last 2 million years. The...
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What is the Cenozoic Era?
Cenozoic Era The Cenozoic Era is one of the three broad time periods paleontologists talk about. The name Cenozoic comes from...
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When was the Oligocene?
Oligocene The Oligocene was from about 37.5 million to 26 million years ago. It is part of the Tertiary Period and the...
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How can catastrophic events be used to support Hutton's geologic principle of 'Uniformitarianism'?
Uniformitarianism First, let's define uniformitarianism. It is the postulation that the geologic principles that operated in...
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When was the Triassic Period?
The Triassic was from about 225 million to 190 million years ago. It is the first period of the Mesozoic ("middle life") Era.
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What is the difference between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks?
Geologists categorize rocks into three basic groups, of which sedimentary and metamorphic are two. Igneous is the third....
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How long ago was the Ordovician Period?
Ordovician Period The Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era lasted from about 490 million to 443 million years ago.
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When was the Cambrian Period?
The Cambrian Period was from about 543 to 490 million years ago. It is the earliest period in the Paleozoic ("old life") Era....
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When was the Cretaceous Period?
Cretaceous Period The Cretaceous was about 136 million to 65 million years ago. The Cretaceous gets its name from the latin...
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When was the Jurassic Period?
The Jurassic was from about 206 million to 144 million years ago. It is the middle period of the Mesozoic ("middle life") Era.
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Why is bedrock important to us?
Bedrock is important because it is just that, rock. The term bedrock is used to descibe any type of solid rock that lies beneath...
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How long ago was the Tertiary Period?
The Tertiary Period (including the Pliocene, Miocene, Oligocene, Eocene, and Paleocene Epochs) lasted from about 65 million years...
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How long ago was the Silurian?
Hi the anwser is 443 to 417 million years ago i hope that helps
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What are the major geological features of South America?
The Andes mountains, the Amazon basin, and the Nazca Plains. The Nazca plate is currently being subducted under the South...
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When was the Paleocene?
The Paleocene was from about 65 million to 54 million years ago. It is part of the Tertiary Period and the Cenozoic Era.
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When was the Eocene?
The Eocene was from about 54 million to 37.5 million years ago. It is part of the Tertiary Period and the Cenozoic Era. Eocene...
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When was the Pliocene?
The Pliocene was from about 5 million to 1.8 million years ago. It is the last epoch of the Tertiary Period in the Cenozoic Era.
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How long ago was the Devonian Period?
Devonian Period The Devonian Period lasted from about 395 to 345 million years ago. It is part of the Paleozoic Era.
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What are the minerals needed to make or build a car?
Sulfur is used in tire construction, aluminum and iron in the car body and engine, quartz is used in windshield construction,...
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When was the Miocene?
The Miocene was from about 26 million to 5 million years ago. It is part of the Tertiary Period and the Cenozoic Era. The...
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What is igneous rock?
Igneous rock is one of the three main rock types based on the method of its formation. It is also referred to as plutonic or...
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Where do you find emeralds?
Most ''emeralds'', including the finest in the world are mined in Colombia. Emeralds are also found in India, South Africa,...
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How long ago was the Pleistocene?
The Pleistocene Epoch was from about 1.8 million to 11,000 years ago. The word means "nearly present" or "most new" in...
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How many grains of sand are there in the world?
Here's an entry that answers that question while answering another interesting one. From Argonne National...
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What was the Paleozoic Era?
The Paleozoic Era is one of the three broad time periods paleontologists talk about. The name Paleozoic comes from the Greek...
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How long ago was the Pennsylvanian Period?
Pennsylvanian Period The Pennsylvanian Period was from about 325 million to 280 million years ago. It is part of the...
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How long ago was the Mississippian Period?
The Mississippian Period was from about 345 million to 325 million years ago. It is part of the Paleozoic Era. The...
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What is the difference between geology and geography?
Geology vs. Geography Correction: Geology is the study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth. The study of...
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Where can you find a map of where quartz is located in Canada?
Mines and minerals are managed by the provinces. In Ontario you could try calling the regional resident geologist @...
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What is the natural form of oil?
The natural form of oil is called crude oil. Oil is developed from once living organisms that were transformed over geologic time...
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What is another name for the Paleozoic Era?
The Era of Ancient Life.
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What was the climate in the Mississippian period?
The climate was warm and tropical, with lush vegetation.
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How long ago was the Permian Period?
The Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era lasted from about 280 million to 225 million years ago. It is the last (latest) period of...
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What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Erosion is the process of the movement of materials from one place to another, and generally occurs when the material is exposed...
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When was the Mesozoic Era?
It extended from roughly 251 million years ago (MYA) to roughly 65 MYA. The Mesozoic followed the Paleozoic Era and preceded the...
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How is silver extracted?
How Silver is Extracted Silver is extracted electrolytically by either the Moebius process, the Balbach-Thum process, or the...
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What is soil erosion?
Soil erosion is the removal of topsoil by wind or water, leaving the infertile subsoil. It is encouraged by: No vegetation...
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What was the environment like during the Permian Period?
The supercontinent of Pangaea existed during the Permian. The interior of the content was mostly dry and desert like with more...
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What is the difference between chemical and mechanical weathering?
Mechanical (physical) weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller particles due to such factors as freezing and thawing,...
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How do you get addicted to rocks?
The addiction to looking at, studying, or collecting rocks is easy to understand. First of all, rocks come in many sizes, shapes,...
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What would happen to Earth if there were no light?
Earth Without Light I shall presume the question is about what happens if the Sun, our principal source of light, suddenly...
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What would the effects on climate in the western United States be if Death Valley were an inland sea connected to the Gulf of Cortez?
Climate Effects Probably not a lot. The climate of the West is generally dominated by large high pressure areas that are...
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What was the land and sea like in the Mesozoic era?
The Mesozoic period (roughly 180MYA) was a period when much change was happening in the Earth's continental arrangement. The...
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What would happen to Earth's climate if the tilt of its axis became less than 23.5?
2 Actually, the axial tilt is currently 23.44 deg and decreasing. The axial tilt is in a continuous cycle between 22.1 and 24.5...
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Info on soil erosion?
Organic Soil Improvement There are lots of things you can do. If it is a vegetable garden, I would recommend adding any of...
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What is quartz?
Quartz is a naturally occurring silicate mineral composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Its hardness is 7 on the Mohs scale and it...
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What are the layers of the Earth?
Earth's Physical Layers - All depths are from the surface of the Earth. 1) The Crust--The outer skin of the planet is composed...
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What are various theories regarding the formation of Earth?
The dominant scientific theory currently is that the Earth and all the planets (and the Sun) coalesced from a debris field left...
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How do you get gold out of rocks?
How to Get Gold Out of Rocks Here are opinions and answers from FAQ Farmers: Crush the rock to a sand-like consistency, then...
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What is iron used for?
Uses of Iron Iron is an element in human hemoglobin in blood that allows blood to carry and release oxygen. It is also used to...
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What was the geology like during the Permian period?
The same geology that exists today existed in the Permian. Extrusive, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, volcanoes, tectonic plate...
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What is the relationship between sedimentary metamorphic and igneous rocks and how do they change?
Types of Rocks and The Rock Cycle Sedimentary rock is formed when sediment (sand, mud, clay, and other small rock particles) is...
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How do scientists know about the Earth's interior?
Knowledge of the Earth's interior is based on the reactions of seismic waves from earthquakes to the density and state of...
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What are the main causes and effects of Global Warming?
Golbal warming is caused mainly by the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Since there are few trees in antartica, all the carbon...
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What effect does the environment have on humans?
Oxygen, although giving us the ability to breath, is actually a corrosive element that eventually wears us down. Radiation from...
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In what type of rock do most fossils appear?
Rarely a fossil may appear in metamorphic or igneous rock, but the vast majority of fossil evidence presents itself in...
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Is a waterfall considered a type of erosion?
Absolutely. The power of the water, as it hits the bottom, picks up dirt and sand that act as abrasives, grinding away at the...
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What is found on top of coal slate or shale?
The cap rock on a coal bed is usually a sedimentary rock, (i.e. shale sandstone etc.) but not always shale. Slate is a...
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Where did Earth's water come from?
Earth and other planets started as a bunch of left over debris from dead stars: iron, nickel, carbon. Just to name a few. A star...
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How much money do moonstones cost?
if you are referring to the moonstone that has a rainbow reflections in a white, gray or brown stone they are reasonable. I have...
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Will the oceans last forever?
No. Once the Sun goes "Nova" everything in the solar system will be vaporized. But don't worry, that won't be for a long time...
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Did the geology of Europe influence World War 2?
Yes, it did. In asking and answering the question you have to consider exactly what Geology is. Geology is more than rocks, it...
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Which metals don't oxidize?
Stainless steel and Titanium Well, technically rust is Iron Oxide. There are a couple of forms Fe203 and Fe3O4 are the most...
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What are some uses of sedimentary rocks?
As a building material, soil conditioner, road gravel, flux in metal refining, in the making of cement and concrete, and as...
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What caused the Ice Age?
Cause of the Ice Age The cause of ice ages remains controversial for both the large-scale ice age periods and the smaller...
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What can be learned from the fossil record?
Fossils are any evidences of ancient life preserved in stone or other material. Fossils can include molds, casts, defecation...
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What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere is the solid, rocky layer covering the entire surface of the planet, composed of the crust and the hard upper...
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What are the properties that can be used to identify minerals?
Properties of Minerals as an Aid to Identification Minerals possess a number of physical properties that aid in their...
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How are seismic waves used to provide evidence about Earth's interior?
Seismic waves have helped scientists learn the various densities of the Earth's many layers because the speed of primary shock...
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What is sand?
Sand is rock material that has been eroded into tiny grains. Theoretically, sand could be composed of any eroded rock (for...
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What is erosion?
Erosion is the process of the movement of loosened materials from one place to another, and generally occurs when the material is...
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How are fossils formed?
There are multiple methods of fossilization, but fossils generally are formed by rapid burial of organisms by sediments.
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What is the source of the Earth's internal heat?
The source of the Earth's internal heat is a result of gravitational compression and to a much lesser extent, the decay of...
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What are the uses of metamorphic rock?
Marble is a metamorphic rock that is used to make floor tiles, counter tops and it is carved into statues and was used...
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What is a divergent plate boundary?
A divergent boundary is an area where 2 plates are moving apart. This is caused by tensional forces. The result is upwelling...
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What do you call a person who studies religion?
Priests study at a theological college Answer A THEOLOGIAN Answer Priests/ministers study at a seminary. Members of all...
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Any one important use of all igneous rocks?
Roadstone, at least in the UK is made up of mainly quartz dolerite. The gravel used in the Mall and Buckingham Palace is quarried...
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What are the uses of limestone?
Limestone Uses: Used as aggregate or base for roads and foundations. Used in the purification of molten glass. Used to remove...
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How to tell if your gold flakes are real or fools gold?
assay
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What would your magnetic declination be if you were using a compass in the Rocky Mountains?
Get (and learn to use) a good compass It depends on where in the Rockies you are. New Mexico? Colorado? Wyoming? Montana and...
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What are two ways that wind erodes land?
Wind Erosion It dries the soil then when it is light enough it blows it away therfore removing it.
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Is scoria intrusive?
no, extrusive because it is made by lava not magma.
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What is the largest dam in regards to water retention?
The largest dams in the world (Public knowledge) World—Structures and Buildings World's Largest Dams Dam ...
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What is a comet's chemical composition?
Not much different. Stony metorites contain the same minerals as continental crust. Iron-nickel meteorites, such as the one that...
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Why are sedimentary rocks on the bottom of the oceans younger than similar rocks found on the continents?
Sedimentary rocks on the bottom of the oceans are younger because the ocean floor is constantly recycling itself. Oceanic plates...
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How does society directly or indirectly contribute to soil degradation?
Building on it , walking on it, not using it properly and contaminating it. Answer II Construction of any type, mining,...
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How do freezing temperatures cause rock erosion?
Rock Erosion It's a known fact that the density of water reach its peak at 4 degrees centigrade(NOTE: not Farenheit, which I...
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What material is a marble made of?
Glass. Answer I would guess that the first marbles that people played with were round rocks found near streams. Later, they...
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What are Geologic maps?
Geological maps show the distribution of geological features, such as rock types and faults. They are general overlaid with a...
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What might happen to earth if the heat loss from inside the Earth reduced by half?
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Where is schist found?
Schists Schists are abundant in the Precambrian (Archeozoic and Proterozoic) rocks. It is a type of metamorphic rock of...
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Is granite porous?
Granite is relatively non-porous due to the interlocking nature of the crystallized minerals which it contains.
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How were the Andes Mountains formed?
The Andes Mountains were formed from volcanism and uplift created by the collision of the Nazca plate with the South American...
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What is the difference between gross and net?
Gross and Net Gross is the profit from the transaction without deduction. Net is the profit from the transaction after...
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What are igneous rocks used for?
Igneous rocks have many uses. For instance, Granite is often used for decoration. Ex. granite countertops. Pumice, another...
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When did Pangaea exist in Earth's geologic history?
Laurasia and Gondwanaland collided to form a single supercontinent called Pangaea from the late Carboniferous Period, through the...
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What are some characteristics of igneous rock?
Igneous rock usually appears with a well mixed texture without fossils, bands or layers, may contain vesicles (air bubbles or...
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How do you find granite deposits below earth?
Granite is found and identified in underground deposits by core sampling, the boring into the crust with a small diameter hollow...
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How was the Niagara Escarpment formed?
LOOK IT UP!!! YOU ARE SMART ENOUGH!!!!!
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Price per tonne of Limestone for making cement?
I would like to know what is the cost (per tonne) of limestome when used to make cement
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