| Coastal sand dunes provide an excellent environment for the study of primary succession. The vegetated dunes within the system have developed on a substrate of unconsolidated sand. | ||
| This sand has been picked up by the wind from the wide sandy foreshore at low tide and deposited at the top of the beach around any obstacle which interrupts the flow of the wind and reduces its energy - it may be tidal litter on the strand line or a plant. |