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#1: There's a pulley at the top of the mast for raising/lowering sail,

#2: Thers's a system of pulleys below the boom to prevent the aft end of the boom from rising, this is called the "boom vang",

#3: There's a pulley at the aft end of the boom to facilitate lateral adjustment of the aft end of the boom for the purpose of adjusting the angle of the mains'l to the wind.

All these pulleys affect the mast:

The boom vang prevents undue pressure on the mainstay, minimizing pressure on the base of the mast, minimizing the danger of dismasting.

The pulley at the aft end of the boom optimizes the lift caused by the foiling of the wind about the sail.

The pullley at the top of the mast facilitates rapid raising/lowering of sail.

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Q: How are pulleys used in a boat mast?
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