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Weathering and erosion.

Sandstone formations are brought to the surface by the removal of overlying rock structures by erosion, or by uplift from not-fully-understood tectonic processes. As the sandstone nears the surface, cracks appear in the rock formation from pressure release as the weight of overlying rock is removed by erosion. In arid regions, freeze-thaw cycles will enlarge the existing cracks, and the wind will ablate the sandstone into narrow wall shaped structures. Eventually, a hole may appear through these wall shaped structures, and enlarge to form arches. In temperate areas, water plays the biggest role in arch formation, creation occurring where two sandstone overhangs form back-to-back, and their eroded undercuts finally merge into an opening that eventually forms an arch.

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10y ago
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11y ago

As part of the mainland gets eroded by weathering and sea waves, a patch of land forms. With further erosion, the patch of land is joined with the mainland by only a small arch.

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14y ago

Rock arches are changed by weathering and erosion from ice, wind, water, and gravity.

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Q: How are arches formed by weathering?
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