Answer:
Currently, only the Australia government provides such service for its citizens.
If you are an Australian citizen who has a valid passport, you can log into this page:
https://www.passports.gov.au/Web/Doc/Authentication.aspx
And you passport details show up. You can use this website for different things, e.g. to quickly report the passport lost or stolen before you go to the police or, if abroad, Australian embassy.