Of all the Federalist Papers written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, perhaps the most famous and the one most quoted is Federalist No. 10, by Madison. Many people had argued against the new Constitution claiming that the US would be too large to govern as a democracy (republic) and had too many groups, or “factions,” as political parties were then called. While Madison acknowledged that there were many differing factions, he also indicated that a democratic form of government, using the ideal of majority rule, would tame the factions and cause them to work together as much as possible. He claimed that the republican form of government created by the new Constitution would allow all the factions the room and venues to express themselves and to influence the workings of government by getting their members elected and/or appointed to offices. Minority groups would be protected because the factions would have to negotiate their differences. In this way, the republic would create a system of government in which the majority would rule but the ideas of the minority would have to be taken into consideration. Numerous factions would also mean that no one group would be able to take complete control of the government and this would give rise to what Madison called “politics,” namely, the art of governing.
Madison defines faction as, "...a number of citizens whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community."
This is quoted from the internet address http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/7947/Republic.html
This is the idea that political parties, which Madison called "factions", may obstruct action due to partisan political considerations, despite what might be best for the country. American history furnishes many examples of parties placing party interest ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole. Washington deplored "factions" and hoped America would be free of them, and that the new nation's leaders would act reasonably and in the best interests of the entire nation, instead of in the best interests of their narrow partisan group. While Washington was alive everyone pretended we had no political parties, but as soon as he was dead some emerged openly.
A special interest or a special interest group.
Liberty is to faction what air is to fire. James Madison says this in Federalist #10. It pretty much means like if you were to remove liberty would be to remove the air, which is essential to life.
democrat
the war of 1812
James Madison in The Federalist No. 10
IN the newspaper "the federalist" he wrote that no faction would be able to control the government because the USA is too big
Madison defines a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community".
Madison defines factions as a number of citizens (representing either the minority or majority of the whole) who are united by common passions and interests. Examples of factions today are political parties and unions.
Voting
"I think it was Madison who wanted as many factions as possible so that no single faction could take power." Yahoo Answers
James Madison, Jr.
James Madison
He refers to 'faction' as a political group of people.