Nationalism began after the Middle Ages in Europe
Neither - it would be correct to say 'has begun'
There were 9 official crusades. The first crusade began in 1095 with The Siege of Antioch.
First it is not Muslim religion, it is Islam. Islam began historically on the Arabian peninsula, in the towns of Mecca and Medina (near the west coast inland from the Red Sea). Muhammad (570-632 CE)...
Read and re-read the script.