How did the Peace of Westphalia affect the pope?

Answer:

"When Pope Innocent X learnt the details of the peace settlement of 1648, which brought to an end the Thirty Years War in Europe, he denounced it angrily: '[The Peace of Westphalia] is null, void, invalid, unjust, damnable, reprobate, insane, empty of meaning and effect for all time' (Holsti, 1991: 25)" (McGrew,1997)

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