Answer:
in welding sometimes your electrode got stuck to your work piece so a very high current would flow and no voltage at generator teminals. only a small voltage will produce in the armature due the residual magnetism in the machine itself.
The only type dc machine that can operate satifactorily in this situation is a shunt connected dc genrator.
This type of generator can run and exceed it full load current. if it allows to run beyond its rated load or its loads becomes zero ohms, then this machine is able to take up that load.(short ccit condition)
So in differential generator to make it use for electric arc welding, just simply short out the series winding so there would be no flux induced or produced in it. only the current flows through the shunt winding.This time the generator is now running as a normal shunt connected dc generator. voltage output can be adjusted/varied by means of rheostat connected in series with it and armature.