How do Australian aboriginals learn about their culture?

Without considering boundaries of time, this question is very hard to answer in a way that will make sense.

So let's try to discuss this question to cover indigenous people in the time before the invasion of Australia by non indigenous people.

At that time, Indigenous Australians learned their culture from 1. Their parents, as parents in the sense we know, i.e. biological parents, then 2. Extended family - the rest of their "parents" that include all of the people who are relatively speaking older than the person learning.

Many things are learned this way but the important and major cultural issues are taught by a complex transmission of lore and "law" in the context of ceremony by which the "Madayin" the whole indigenous knowledge of wisdom (the knowledge of how to live life well) is given. This lore, was given to the people a long time ago directly from the foundations of humanity. There are "owners" or "holders" of various types of knowledge. As an indigenous person, you must learn from the owner of the particular knowledge you seek or from someone who has properly acquired this knowledge from an owner. In time you would as you age become an "owner" of certain knowledge.

Of course, for this system to work there is an essential requirement that the young person has respect for the older "holders of knowledge".

The current situation is not clear as missionaries have discouraged ceremony and Madayin as "the devil's work" not understanding what is really going on.

Secondly the modern school based education where with the incredibly rapid technology development older people often become quickly redundant and younger people know more about technology than elders. With this, the respect for the elders is thrown out despite their huge amount of non-technological old wisdom which seems to have been overshadowed in importance and is tossed as the proverbial baby with the bath water.

The future? I don't know. If the Madayin is not reinstituted and the White government fails to recognise that there is indigenous lore and law, the current trend of indigenous people , loss of identity, lack of pride in their culture, lack of self respect, Alcohol and other substance abuse may well continue to the point where only those indigenous folk who have assimilated to become 2nd class citizens of the white society will survive. They will pass on culture (white culture) the modern white way. Indigenous culture will only remain in a fragmented form in Anthropological treatises.