Scientists gather information from the sun using various techniques. They use telescopes equipped with specialized instruments to study different wavelengths of light emitted by the sun. They also use satellites, such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), which directly observe the sun and its activities. Additionally, researchers use spacecraft missions like the Parker Solar Probe and the recently launched Solar Orbiter to study the sun's composition, magnetic fields, and solar wind.
Most of the information about the sun is obtained using a spectroscope; this analyses the light from the sun and by looking at the peaks in the spectrum, its possible to deduce the elements that are involved in the fusion reaction in the sun. By seeing how the peaks have shifted its possible to determine how fast the sun is moving relative to the sun. Helium was, in fact, discovered on the sun using this technique before its discovery on Earth. By calculating the mass of the Earth and knowing the distance to the sun, its possible to calculate the mass of the sun. By examining other stars in the galaxy, its possible to see how our sun compares with other stars; for example, our sun is brighter than 85% of stars in the galaxy. One nice little fact; the only way known to create "heavy" elements - such as carbon and oxygen is inside stars, so we are made from star dust.
Scientists can not gather information IN the Sun.
Scientists did not find the sun. The sun has been visible to mankind since the dawn of time.
Scientists get information from research, observations, experiments, and other scientists.
Its called a telescope!
I don't think there is anything we can do if the Sun were to die.
Most scientists think the sun will expand into a red dwarf in about 4.5 billion years. There are other theories as well.
Data.
Information has ovation.
scientists think that the sun makes energy by having oxygen go past it so many times.
Scientists approximate the sun will die in about 10,000,000 years.
Using mathematical models of the sun.
Observatory.