Scientists who study tornadoes do various things. Some such as Josh Wurman use a Doppler radar mounted on a truck to gather wind and other data from a distance. Others work on deploying probes, which...
A tornado typically loses strength when cold or dry air undercuts the thunderstorm updraft that drives it. This cuts off the supply of air that power the storm and, in turn, the tornado.
No, it is possible to measure the strength of a tornado, though direct measurements are rare. Most tornadoes have their strength estimated based on the severity of the damage they cause....