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You can plot the "days to orbit sun" vs "average distance" for all known planets on a graph and see the relationship using a trend line. A planet at around 3 AU (450 million km) can then be seen to orbit the sun in around 1850 days or 5 years (assuming its our sun and not another star as the mass size influences the orbit). To get a more mathematical prediction, you could use Keplars laws of planetary motion.

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Q: How do you approximate the orbital period of a planet 3 AU from the sun?
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