measure pH of a known solution, say 0.1 mol/L acetic acid.
pH = - log10[H3O+], rearrange that and: [H3O+] = 1 / (10^pH)
so now you have concentration of hyronium ions.
If acetic acid completely dissociated into its ions, then 0.1mol/L would be ions, but it doesn't!
So the percentage of dissociation = 0.1 / [H3O+] = 0.1 / [ 1 / (10^pH)]