How do you file a civil complaint?

you have to go to your local court. for example, in dc, you would go to the superior court and depending on the amount in controversy ($$ you are suing for), you pay a fee. if the amount in controversy is under $5,000 then you would be suing in small claims court.

you must also figure out the legal name of the defendant. this would be either on the police report (if it is a person), or if it is a business, you can generally search for the registered agent (legal owner) of the business by going to the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs.

I am providing a website that explains how to file a civil complain in Washington, DC as an example:

http:/www.dccourts.gov/dccourts/superior/civil/small_claims.jsp

You must submit to the court a Statement of Claim form. The Statement of Claim form requests the following information: your name, address, and telephone number where you can be reached during the day; the correct name and address of the party you are suing; and a simple but complete statement of why you are suing. If you are suing a corporation, you will need its proper name, address, and the registered agent's name or owner's name and address.

please see the FAQ:

http:/www.dccourts.gov/dccourts/superior/civil/small_claims_faq.jsp

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It isn't always that simple when filing Pro Se. Forms, procedures, timeframes, etc. varie from state to state, and county to county. It has to be filed in the proper court, venue, and in the proper format. I would at least consult the Clerk of Court in the county that you intend to file your petition.