A birdie - a bogey is one shot over par on a given hole, and a birdie is one shot under par on a given hole - so, a bogey is two shots worse than a birdie.
Many amateur and professional golfers swear by the medicus driver. This is a golf club that has a couple of hinges in it. You don't actually play with it (although I suppose you could). When you...
A double eagle, or albatross, is reaching the hole in 2 strokes on a par 5, so would be -3. Also, if you manage to complete a par 5 in 1 shot, i.e. -4, it is known as a condor.