Answer:
There is no test for rabies. You would have to take the shots for rabies if you thought that you did have rabies and would be concerned about the possibility. However, statistically, it is unlikely that you would have contracted rabies.
The mouse would have had to have been bitten by an animal with rabies and survived the bite in order to become infected.
If you have captured the mouse, you could take it to the local health department to be tested for rabies.