How do you know that a variable is really a control variable and what is the property of control variables?

Answer:
If you're performing an experiment in which your result depends on multiple variables, but you're just interested in how one of those variables effects the result, you would generally keep all of the other variables constant in order to negate their effects. Those variables that you're keeping constant are called control variables, and you would choose them based on the experiment.

For example, say you wanted to determine how changes in resistance effect a circuit's current. Well, current is dependent on not only resistance, but voltage as well, and since you're only interested in the effects of resistance, you would make voltage the control variable, keeping it constant.
First answer by Mrkbh. Last edit by Mrkbh. Contributor trust: 685 [recommend contributor recommended]. Question popularity: 3 [recommend question].