This is from http://science.howstuffworks.com/gold5.htm.
If its found on the internet, in must be true, right?
The final stage of gold production -- refining -- involves removing impurities that remain after the smelting process. Refining companies receive doré bars, as well as scrap gold, and reliquefy the metal in a furnace. Workers add borax and soda ash to the molten metal, which separates the pure gold from other precious and less precious metals. A sample is then taken to a lab for tests, or assays, that measure the gold content. In most cases, the gold is 99.9 percent pure. Workers cast the gold produced during refining into bars.
What happens next depends on how the gold will be used. Pure gold is generally too soft for most practical applications, so other metals are nearly always added to it. When gold is combined in this way, it forms an alloy. Scientists and goldsmiths often use colors to designate the various gold alloys that are possible. For example, white gold is made by combining gold with nickel, silver or palladium. Red or pink gold is an alloy of gold and copper. And blue gold is the result of mixing gold with iron.
Karatage refers to how much gold is present in an object versus another alloy. A higher karatage indicates a higher proportion of gold in the sample. So, 24-karat gold is 100 percent gold, while 12-karat gold has exactly half as much. The common karatages are shown in the accompanying sidebar.
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The purity of gold is measured in carats. Carats are also used to measure the weight of precious stones, including diamonds. These are two quite different measurements, and two quite different uses of the same word.
Diamond purity isn't rated in carats. Carats are a designation of mass/ weight. Diamond purity is a separate rating.
Carats are a unit of weight used to measure gemstones, including diamonds. One carat is equal to 200 milligrams or 0.2 grams. Gemstones are usually weighed using a precision scale that measures weight in carats.
Karats measure the purity of gold: carats describe diamond weight. A diamond accent contains as many carats in total weight, as all the diamonds weigh together.
Carats is used especially for gold (as an equivalent of gold percentage).
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The weight of a diamond is measured in carats (1 carat = 0.2 grams; it is a measure of weight). The purity of a gold setting is measured in karats (24 karat = pure gold, 18 karat = 75% gold)
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A carat is actually a standard unit of measure that defines the weight of a diamond. One carat is equivalent to 200 milligrams. Carat sizes are also expressed as “points”, with a one carat diamond equaling 100 points, a one-half carat diamond being 50 points, a three-quarter carat diamond being 75 points, and so on.
CT means carats. The purity of gold is measured in carats, 24 ct indicating 100% pure gold.
How can you measure water purity ?
Carats is a weight measurement for diamond, so your answer depends on how much your diamond weighs. Karats is a purity measurement for gold. Carrots grow in your vegetable garden.