Answer:
Simply do not borrow money and pay all your bills in a timely manner.
Lenders such as mortgage holders and auto loan lenders lien the property collateralized by the loan.
Creditors who do not get paid may file a lawsuit and ultimately win a judgment which allows them to secure payment by liening property (as well as seizing assets and garnishing wages).
When you make improvements to your home you should obtain Lien Waivers or Releases from all subcontractors and a Final Affidavit from the contractor (or the one contracted directly with you). This will prevent surprise liens from unknown and unpaid subcontractors and material suppliers.