How do you remove a fine film of whitewash from a wooden floor without a polishing machine?

Remove the floor

melt it off

If the ink is the kind used in fountain pens then rubbing with milk might work. If its biro or similar you could try these solvents: nail varnish remover, white spirit, turpentine, WD40. If you...

Yes it is called get a new floor. But other than that no.

Sounds like you have wax build-up. You may have to sand and re-finish your floor.