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Semi trucks have the so-called split-range gearboxes. Each gears is split in a "high" and "low" range, selectable by a small switch mounted on the front side of the gearshift lever. When you are in (for example) fourth low, you switch to fourth high in the following manner:
1) flip the switch up to select the high split
2) Press the clutch
3) Wait for about a second
4) Release the clutch
If you released the clutch too fast, the gear will not engage. In that case simply repeat step 3 and wait a little longer
The whole gears (usualy 1 to 8) are split in two ranges. In the example of eight gears, the split would be 4 by 4. When you wish to shift from 4th to 5th, you must switch to the high range. Conversely, if you wish to downshift from 5th to 4th, you must switch to the low range. The switching of ranges is done in either of two ways:
A) By moving the gearshift lever. Drivers refer to this as a "bitch slap". Normally the neutral position for the low range will be between 3rd and 4th (1st and 2nd being to the left). When you are in 4th and wish to shift to 5th, do the following:
1) Press the clutch and shift to neutral
2) Release the clutch
3) push the lever sideways (to the right)
4) As soon as you feel resistance, remove your hand
5) The lever is now in neutral for the high range (that is between 5th and 6th, 7th and 8th being to the right)
6) Press the clutch and push the lever forward to engage 5th
To select the low range repeat the above, but in step 3 pull the lever to the left.
B) By a range switch, mounted on the side of the gearshift lever. When you're in 4th, flip the switch up and shift where 1st is. With the switch up now there is the 5th. Conversely, when you downshift from 5th, put the switch down and shift, putting the lever wher th is (with the low range selected, now there's 4th.
In a classic gearbox 2 ranges, 4 gears each, split in two gives you a total of 1 gears. In some tractors (most notably Volvo FH) there are 6 gears in two ranges (3 gears each), giving total of 12 gears.
It is possible (and actually recommended) to switch whole gears only, or a gear and a half (e.g. when in 5th low, you may select the high split, press the clutch and shift directly into 6th high)
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