The blood flows from the left ventricle into elastic arteries (aortic trunk), then to the muscular arteries (external carotid artery), then to arterioles, then to the capillary beds.
when the left ventricular wall contracts, the mitral valve closes the left atrioventricular orifice, and the blood passes through the aortic valve into the aorta and its branches.
Blood flow from different parts of the body don't differ. When blood is in the "right thumb" it will release its oxygen and pick up Carbon Dioxide. Then the blood will travel thru the capalaries into...