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How does a gyrocopter work?

Updated: 9/16/2023
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10y ago

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it's a little tricky to explain...

with a helicopter, an engine and drive train turn the main rotor which develops a downward force of air that lifts the craft and provides a propulsive element through controlled pitch adjustments...a smaller rotor at the tail end of the craft provides anti-torque control and a way to control the craft's yaw...

with a gyrocopter, the flight theory is somewhat different...as the craft is moved forward by an engine driven propellor, air rushes upward to spin the main rotor...as more and more forward airspeed builds up, the spinning rotor begins to ride on a cushion of air that is sufficient to lift the craft...the main rotor does not create the cushion of air, rather, it rides on a cushion of air created by the forward motion of the craft...flight direction is controlled by a rudder and interactive adjustments of the flight system...

so long as the forward motion of the craft continues, the main rotor will keep spinning due to its pitch angle...

both scenarios produce a flight condition known as translational lift, whereby forward motion allows the main rotor disc to behave as a wing, which creates a more efficient lift and places less stress on the drive and supportive systems...

in actuality, though, there is very little difference between a helicopter and a gyrocopter, although the essential difference between the two is that the main rotor assemblies have opposite relative pitch angles...during flight, the gyrocopter rotor is pitched INTO a mass of air, while a helicopter rotor is pitched AGAINST a mass of air...

when a helicopter is transitioned into an autogyro operational mode for example, the main rotor pitch is feathered into an angle that captures air instead of deflecting air...controlled forward and downward motion keep the main rotor spinning and the craft behaves in a manner similiar to a gyrocopter...

in either case, the results are the same...the main rotor can lift the craft to maintain flight or allow the craft to safely descend during power-on-landings...or power-off landings...

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Q: How does a gyrocopter work?
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