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Muscles are comprised of contractile proteins; therefore, the ability to contract is present in their chemical composition.
Dear freind! there is not any filamnet sliding in isometric contraction and so there is no work...
Sometimes it is used as a substitute for butter.
molecules called actin and myocin lie next to each other inside muscle cells. when triggered (usually by calcium ions) they shift electron bonds, thus shortening the length of the cell [max about 1/3 shorter] Work is done (using ATP) to restore the cell to its nornal length.
Because both butter and shortening are fats that are solid at room temperature, they work much the same in baked products. Advertisers promoting vegetable shortening do claim that products baked with shortening rise more or will have better appearance and texture. These claims may or may not be true. It is certain that butter produces a taste that most people prefer to the taste of shortening.
Trex is a fairly well known brand of shortening (in the UK). It seems to work well.
the frog can breathe through their mouth and skin.
It shortens the gluten strands, making your dough easier to work with.
Any solid shortening will work. The finished product will vary a little bit in flavor, but should be acceptable. For tea biscuits, I would use butter or margarine for flavor. Crisco or other vegetable shortening will work but I would stay away from animal fats.
A pastry blender is used to cut shortening into the flour mixture for flaky pastry. To get the flakiest pastry, it's important not to mix the shortening and the flour together but to layer them, that's what makes the flakes. To accomplish this, the shortening should be solid shortening and be ice cold while you work with it because if the shortening warms, it will soak into the flour before flakes can be formed. Some chefs place their bowl of flour and shortening into a bowl of ice to ensure that the shortening stays cold while they're combining the two.
Muscle can be regarded as a machine that converts chemical energy into work. The first and second laws of thermodynamics apply to muscle the same way as they apply to other machines. The first law states that the total energy remains constant when it changes from one form to another:
The frog applies a force on the log is the action. The log also applies an equal force to the frog.