How does a transplanted heart keep beating when there is no direct connection between it and the brain of the host body?
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If a mammalian heart is removed, it will continue to beat for hours, providing that an adequate supply of warm oxygenated fluid of sutable composition is supplied to the muscle through the coronary vessels from the aorta. The origin of the heart-beat is independent from the rest of the body. The heart has its own pacemaker cells.

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