A copyright can be issued one of two ways. You can apply for an ISBN number through the Library of Congress or you can simply publish your work. Even putting the copyright symbol on a picture or text is your mark that you are forbidding anyone else to use it without your express permission. But if you are ever pushed into proving you own something in print, you need to be able to date your first copyright of the item. This also is beginning to include internet postings like the one you're reading now.