How does the body coordinate and regulate the processes of digestion and absorption?

Answer:
Insulin is released in the postprandial phase (i.e. after eating meal) and leads to glycolysis and glycogenesis, as well as storing of triglycerides in hepatocytes.
Glucagon works on the opposite, slowing down storage of nutrients and increasing the level of glucose in the blood by upregulating glycogenolysis, inhibiting the Krebs' Cycle, and inhibiting glycogenesis. GLucagon does not have activity in the muscle cells, and is only active in the liver.

Those are the two main big players, though somatostatin, ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and CCK are also of great importance.
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