Answer:
The Sun: It is a self-luminous, gaseous sphere. It has no solid surface. Its size is about 100 times that of the Earth and its mass is roughly 300,000 times that of the Earth. Its central temperature is 15 million degrees Kelvin (27 million degrees Fahrenheit), while its visible surface is a relatively cool 6,000 degrees Kelvin (10,000 degrees Fahrenheit).
The Sun is composed mainly of hydrogen and some helium. The heavier elements (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, gold, and the rest) make up only about 2% of the Sun's mass.
Some Properties of the Sun:
Radius = 435,000 miles
Mass = 330,000 Earth masses
Surface temperature = 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit
At center:
Temperature = 27 million degrees Fahrenheit
Pressure = 300 billion Earth atmospheres
Density = 160 times that of water
Current age = 4.6 billion years
The Sun's Luminosity: The Sun's brightness-- referred to as one solar luminosity -- is comparable to that of 4 trillion trillion one-hundred-watt light bulbs.
Other Stars: The Sun is often referred to as a garden variety star. This means that it's rather average. Some stars are bigger, more massive, and brighter. Others are smaller, less massive, and less bright. Some stars are single like the Sun. Others have one or several companion stars.
In composition and size, the Sun is an average star and is in the middle of its hydrogen-burning stage. It will continue to process hydrogen for another few billion years before swelling into a red giant. Although the Sun is an average-sized star, it is still huge by Earthly standards, having a diameter more than 100 times that of the Earth and a volume nearly 1.3 million times as great.