How does toothpaste work?

Toothpaste serves three basic functions:

1. If it has fluoride, and most do, it serves to apply a small amount of decay-resistant fluoride to the surface of the teeth.

2. It contains a mild abrasive that 'scrubs' surface stains off the teeth.

3. It contains a breath freshener that temporarily masks bad breath.

Some toothpastes contain additional ingredients such as triclosan that seems to serve some benefit for those who have gingivitis.

My personal opinion: Toothpastes often can do more harm than good. How is that possible, you ask? Because of its breath freshening properties, toothpaste can make your mouth feel minty clean almost instantly - even if you have not brushed effectively. Consequently, many people do not brush long enough (min. 2-3 minutes) or effectively enough to prevent tooth decay or gingivitis.

The fact is, its the brush itself that does most of the work - when it is used effectively. Brushing without toothpaste along the gumline, brushing the tongue, and rinsing with plain water can do far more in preventing decay, preventing gingivitis, and eliminating bad breath than slapping a wad of minty goo around the mouth.

Here is a suggested strategy:
Brush your teeth, gums, and tongue with a soft bristled brush for at least two minutes with no toothpaste, or until your mouth really feels fresh and clean. Floss your teeth. Then brush your teeth for about one minute using a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Follow that up with your favorite mouthwash.