The Gospels do not state how many miles from Pilate's palace to Golgotha, in which Our Lord Had Walked, but, I would say that He Must Have Walked at least 4 miles, by the time of His Third Fall, under the Heavy Cross.
We do not really know where Calvary was, so we do not know where the crucifixion would have been. However, it would have been somewhere outside the city walls.
This is not recorded in the Bible, nor anywhere else. Walking was his primary means of moving - only rarely is he mentioned as having been on a beast or in a boat.
Mapping out the Stations of the Cross on Google earth with the starting place being the Antonia Fortress and the end being the Church of the Holy Sepulchre it is about .35 miles.