It's about 2.67 (two and two-thirds) miles, or 4.30 (almost four and one-third) kilometers, as the crow flies (meaning, if you were to draw an imaginary straight line between them on the map).
Take the Downtown Q express train (of the N-R-Q, the yellow line), 2 stops, from 42nd Street-Times Square to 14th Street-Union Square. You can also take the N or R but they are local trains so it...
It depends entirely on where in Brooklyn you're going. Brooklyn is a big place. But, since the Times Square Station is the biggest subway nexus in the city, you can get pretty much anywhere you need...
It's impossible to say, without knowing where in Brooklyn you're coming from, not to mention what method of travel you plan to use. Brooklyn is almost 100 square miles in area. Almost all of New York...