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Three important contributors to Brazilian literature in the 20th century are Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, and João Guimarães Rosa.
Mário de Andrade [October 9, 1893-February 25, 1945] is credited with beginning Brazilian modernist literature in poetry and prose. His book of poetry, 'Paulicéia Desvairada' ['Hallucinated City'], in 1922 was startling with its free verse and impressionistic descriptions fragmented with overheard, unrelated conversations using São Paulo colloquial expressions.
In 1928 his novel 'MacunaÃma' was similarly startling and intriguing in expression, form, and theme.
Oswald de Andrade [January 11, 1890-October 22, 1954] was influential through his writings and use of his extensive financial and social connections to support modernist artists and projects. His feuds with Mário de Andrade, to whom he wasn't related, frequently disrupted the modernist community.
His 1927 'Manifesto Antropófago' ['Cannibal Manifesto'] combined modernism with primitivism in its theme that Brazil's modern success is derived from its tribal tendency to cannibalize every culture crossing its path.
João Guimarães Rosa [June 27, 1908-November 19, 1967] is ranked as one of the greatest Brazilian novelists of the 20th century. His 1956 novel 'Grande Sertão: Veredas' ['The Devil to Pay in the Backlands'] is considered as influential as 'Ulysses' by James Augustine Aloysius Joyce [February 2, 1882-January 13, 1941].
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